CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION NOTES:
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What are the cell structures & how do they function? |
Cell structures are cell parts & their functions are the jobs each part does. |
| STRUCTURE: | FUNCTION: |
| 1. Cell Wall | = A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane & provides support to the cell. -Found in Plant, Fungi, Protists, Archae & Bacteria Cells. (Animal Cells don't have a cell wall.) - Plant & Algae Cell Walls are made of cellulose. |
2. Cell Membrane (All Cells) |
= A selectively permeable protective barrier, that surrounds all cells. - Made up of proteins & lipids. (Phospholipids) - Separates the cell from its environment. - Determines what can enter & exit the cell. |
| 3. Cytoskeleton | = The cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that play an essential role in cell movement, shape & division. |
| 4. Nucleus (Nucleolus makes Ribosomes) | = Membrane bound Control Center of the cell, which contains the cell's DNA & Nucleolus. Is in charge of everything that happens in the cell. |
| 5. Ribosomes | = Organelles that make proteins. Not covered by a membrane. |
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (.E.R.) |
= A system of membranes that assists in the production, processing & transport of proteins & in the production of lipids. - Rough E.R. is covered in ribosomes & usually found near the nucleus. The Rough E.R. delivers the proteins made by the ribosomes on the Rough E.R. - Smooth E.R. lacks ribosomes, makes lipids & breaks down materials. |
| 7. Mitochondria (Powerhouse) | = Double Membrane Bound Organelle & contains its own DNA. - Site of Cellular Respiration. Breaks down sugar & makes ATP, realeasing energy. |
8. Chloroplasts
(Photosynthesis Equation) |
= Double Membrane Bound Organelle & contains its own DNA. Found in plant & algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. - Chloroplasts are green because they contain the green pigment chlorophyll. 6CO2 + 6H2O Sunlight> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon Dioxide + Water with Sunlight> Glucose + Oxygen (Ingredients)_____________>(Products) |
9.) Golgi Complex (Golgi Body) |
= Organelle that helps make & package materials to be transported throughout the cell. (Mail Room or Post Office.) |
| 10.) Lysosomes | Organelles that contains digestive enzymes, & digests materials, destroys worn-out or damaged organelles, rid of waste materials, & engulfs foreign invaders. -Usually found in Animal Cells. (Clean up Crew) |
| 11.) Vacuoles | = A vesicle which stores water & materials for the cell. - Plant Cells have Large Central Vacuoles. - Animal Cells have small vacuoles. |