6.) 3rd Stage = Cytokinesis
CELL CYCLE NOTES:
| 1. What is the Cell Cycle? | The Cell Cycle is the Life Cycle of a cell. |
2.) What is Mitosis? |
- Cell Division for Somatic (Body) Cells. |
| 3.) What is Meiosis? |
- Cell Division for Sex Cells (Gametes) |
| 4) What is a Chromosome? | - Chromosomes are made up of DNA & Protein. - Contained in Nucleus in Eukaryotic Cells - Main ring of DNA in Prokaryotic Cells. |
| 5.) What is a Chromatid? | - 1/2 a Chromosome. |
| 6.) What are Chromatin? | - Unwound Chromosomes. |
| 7.) How is the Cell Cycle Divided? | - The Cell Cycle is divided into 3 Stages. - Stage 1 = Interphase (G1, S, G2) - Stage 2 = Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase) - Stage 3 = Cytokinesis |
| 8.) What are the 4 Phases of Mitosis? | - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, & Telophase (PMAT) |
| 9.) What are the 8 Phases of Meiosis? | - Prophase1, Metaphase1, Anaphase1, Telophase1,
- Prophase2, Metaphase2, Anaphase2 & Telophase2 |
| 10.) 1st Stage = Interphase (G1, S, G2) | - Cell grows to its mature size & copies
its organelles & chromatin. |
| 11.) 2nd Stage = Mitosis | - Cell prepares to divide. (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase) |
| 12.) Mitosis Phase 1 = Prophase | - Chromosomes condense from long strands (chromatin)
to rodlike structures (chromosomes). Centrioles & spindle fibers appear. The nuclear membrane begins to disappear. |
| 13.) Mitosis Phase 2 = Metaphase | - The Nuclear Membrane is dissolved. - Paired Chromosomes align at the cell's equator. (Middle of the cell.) - Centrioles move to opposite poles & attach spindle fibers to the chromosomes. |
| 14.) Mitosis Phase 3 = Anaphase |
-The spindle fibers pull on the chromosomes, which causes the chromatids to separate. - The chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite ends of the cell. |
| 15.) Mitosis Phase 4 = Anaphase | - The cell membrane pinches inwards. - A Nuclear Membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes, at opposite ends of the cell. Chromosomes become chromatin. |
| 17.) How many chromosomes are contained in Human Diploid Cells & Human Haploid Cells? |
- Human Diploid Cells contain 46 Chromosomes (A
full set of chromosomes). - Human Haploid Cells contain 23 Chromosomes (Half a set of chromosomes). |
| 18.) What is Binary Fission? | - A type of asexual reproduction amongst prokaryotes
(simplest organisms) where the cell copies the circular chromosome (ring of DNA) & then divides into 2 new cells. |
| 19.) Which organisms reproduce by Binary Fission? |
- Bacteria use Binary Fission to reproduce. |
CELL CYCLE DIAGRAMS:
| 1st Stage = Interphase (G1, S, G2) | |
| 2nd Stage = Mitosis | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase |
| Mitosis Phase 1 = Prophase | |
| Mitosis Phase 2 = Metaphase | |
| Mitosis Phase 3 = Anaphase | |
| Mitosis Phase 4 = Telophase | |
6.) 3rd Stage = Cytokinesis |
|
*** Overall Cell Cycle =
- 1st Stage = Interphase (Divided into G1, S & G2 Phases)
- 2nd Stage = Mitosis (Divided into Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase)
- 3rd Stage = Cytokinesis (Final Division of Cell)